Level 1: Air Traffic Control—Establishing Oversight and Laying the Foundation
Seasoned transformation and change practitioners know the challenge: senior leaders are rarely interested in “change training” but are critical to the success of your change portfolio. Their engagement, understanding, and decision-making set the tone for the entire organization. The question is not how to send them to a course, but how to build their change literacy in a way that is practical, relevant, and embedded in their business agenda.
Here we explore a pragmatic approach to developing senior leaders’ maturity in managing a portfolio of change. In Level 1, we focus on the “Air Traffic Control” phase—establishing initial oversight, surfacing key data, and creating the conditions for informed leadership.
Why Change Literacy Matters at the Top
For senior leaders change portfolio literacy is more than understanding the mechanics of change management. For senior leaders, it’s about:
Seeing the full landscape of change across the business.
Understanding the cumulative impacts on people, operations, and strategy.
Making informed decisions on priorities, pace, and resource allocation.
Without this literacy, leaders risk overwhelming teams, missing strategic opportunities, and failing to deliver on business benefits. The stakes are high: the volume and velocity of change in most organizations today mean that “flying blind” is not an option.
The Air Traffic Control Phase: Creating Oversight and Clarity
The first step in building change literacy is not education—it’s exposure. Like an air traffic controller, senior leaders must be able to see all the “planes in the sky” before they can direct traffic safely and efficiently.
Key Objectives in This Phase:
Establish visibility of all change initiatives.
Surface capacity constraints and people impacts.
Create a shared language and baseline understanding of change activity.
1. Map the Change Landscape
Start by working with your PMO, HR, and transformation teams to create a comprehensive map of all current and upcoming change initiatives. This should include:
Tip: Visual tools such as rollout timelines, calendars, or dashboards are invaluable. They help leaders “see the forest for the trees” and spot potential collisions or overloads.
2. Quantify Capacity and Performance
Next, introduce data on organizational capacity and people performance:
How many initiatives are impacting each business unit?
Where are the pinch points in terms of workload, skills, or engagement?
What is the current state of change fatigue or readiness?
This data grounds the conversation in facts, not anecdotes. It also begins to shift the mindset from project-by-project thinking to portfolio-level oversight.
3. Connect to Business Priorities
Senior leaders are motivated by what’s on their agenda: strategic goals, operational performance, risk, and efficiency/growth. Frame the change portfolio in these terms:
Which initiatives are directly tied to strategic objectives?
Where are there conflicts, duplication, or misalignment?
What are the risks to business performance if changes are poorly sequenced or resourced?
By connecting change data to business outcomes, you make the conversation relevant and urgent.
4. Facilitate the Right Conversations
Rather than presenting data for its own sake, design conversations that help leaders make better decisions:
Where do we need to slow down or pause initiatives to protect capacity?
How can we sequence changes to maximize benefits and minimize disruption?
What trade-offs are required to align with strategic priorities?
These discussions are not about “managing change” in the abstract—they are about running the business more effectively in a complex, dynamic environment.
Practical Tools and Techniques
Change Portfolio Dashboards: Develop a simple, regularly updated dashboard that shows all active changes, status, impacts, and risks. Use visuals to highlight hotspots and interdependencies.
Capacity Charts: Map initiatives against business units and timeframes to show where overload is likely.
Impact Assessments: Brief, high-level assessments of each initiative’s impact on people, processes, and performance.
Monthly Portfolio Reviews: Establish a regular cadence for reviewing the change portfolio with senior leaders, focusing on decision points and resource allocation.
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
Information Overload: Don’t drown leaders in detail. Focus on key data that supports business decisions.
Siloed Views: Ensure your portfolio view cuts across functions and business units, not just projects within a single area.
Lack of Follow-through: Initial visibility must lead to action—adjusting priorities, reallocating resources, or sequencing initiatives differently.
Building Change Literacy: What Success Looks Like
At the end of the Air Traffic Control phase, senior leaders should:
Have a clear, shared view of all change activity across the business.
Understand where capacity and performance risks lie.
Be able to make informed decisions on sequencing, prioritization, and resource allocation.
Begin to use a common language for discussing change impacts and trade-offs.
Level 2: Change Outcome Ownership—Moving from Oversight to Strategic Leadership
In Level 1, we explored how to help senior leaders achieve “air traffic control”—a clear, shared view of the change landscape and organizational capacity. This foundational oversight is essential, but it’s only the beginning. True change literacy means senior leaders move beyond monitoring activity to taking ownership of change outcomes. This is where their leadership can make the greatest difference.
In Level 2, we’ll look at how to guide senior leaders through this shift. You’ll learn how to help them balance the key levers of change, drive accountability for results, and embed change leadership into the heart of business decision-making.
Why Outcome Ownership Matters
Oversight is about knowing what’s happening. Ownership is about making it happen—delivering the intended benefits, minimizing disruption, and ensuring people are ready and able to perform in the new environment.
When senior leaders own change outcomes, they:
Balance competing priorities: Weighing speed, capacity, business resources, and strategic impacts.
Make informed trade-offs: Deciding where to invest, delay, or accelerate change.
Drive accountability: Ensuring that business leaders—not just project teams—are responsible for adoption and benefits realization.
This is the difference between passive sponsorship and active leadership.
Key Levers for Senior Leaders in Change Outcome Ownership
To build change literacy at this level, focus on five critical levers:
1. Pace and Sequencing
Senior leaders must understand that the pace of change is not just about speed to market—it’s about sustainable adoption. Too much, too fast leads to fatigue and failure; too slow risks losing momentum or competitive advantage.
How to build this lever:
Use data from your change portfolio dashboard to model different sequencing options.
Facilitate scenario planning sessions: “What if we delayed Project X by three months? What would that mean for Project Y and for our people?”
Encourage leaders to weigh the trade-offs between urgency and readiness.
2. Capacity and Resource Allocation
Change does not happen in a vacuum. It requires people, time, and attention—often the same resources needed for business-as-usual.
How to build this lever:
Present clear data on resource constraints and competing demands.
Help leaders see the hidden costs of overloading teams (e.g., increased turnover, reduced engagement).
Support them in making tough calls about where to focus and where to pause or stop initiatives.
3. Business Impact and Strategic Alignment
Not all changes are created equal. Leaders must be able to distinguish between “must-have” and “nice-to-have” initiatives, and ensure alignment with strategic goals.
How to build this lever:
Map each change initiative to strategic priorities and measurable business outcomes.
Use impact assessments to highlight dependencies, risks, and potential synergies.
Challenge leaders to articulate the “why” behind each major change.
4. Readiness and Adoption
Successful change is not just about delivering a project—it’s about ensuring people are ready, willing, and able to work in new ways.
How to build this lever:
Introduce simple readiness assessments for key initiatives.
Share data on adoption rates, feedback, and engagement from previous changes.
Encourage leaders to actively sponsor and communicate about change, not just delegate to project teams.
5. Change Leadership Behaviours
Change literacy is not just a set of skills—it’s a mindset and a set of behaviours. Senior leaders must model the change they want to see.
How to build this lever:
Provide feedback on visible leadership behaviours (e.g., presence in town halls, openness to feedback, willingness to address resistance).
Celebrate and recognize leaders who demonstrate effective change leadership.
Offer targeted coaching or peer learning opportunities focused on change leadership, not just management.
Designing the Right Conversations
At this stage, your role is to facilitate strategic, action-oriented conversations that help leaders take ownership. Some practical approaches:
Portfolio Decision Forums: Regular sessions where leaders review the change portfolio, assess progress, and make decisions on sequencing, resourcing, and prioritization.
Benefit Realization Reviews: Focused discussions on whether intended outcomes are being achieved and what adjustments are needed.
Readiness Deep Dives: Sessions that explore the “people side” of major changes—what’s working, what’s not, and what support is required.
Your job is not to provide all the answers, but to ask the right questions and surface the data that supports informed decision-making.
Practical Tools and Approaches
Scenario Planning Templates: Help leaders visualize the impact of different sequencing or resourcing decisions.
Change Impact Matrices: Map initiatives against strategic goals, business units, and risk factors.
Adoption Dashboards: Track key metrics such as training completion, usage rates, and employee sentiment.
Leadership Action Plans: Simple templates for leaders to track their own change leadership commitments and follow-through.
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
Defaulting to Project Thinking: Keep the focus on business outcomes, not just project milestones.
Avoiding Tough Trade-offs: Encourage honest discussion about what can be realistically achieved with available resources.
Assuming Readiness: Challenge optimistic assumptions and use data to surface real readiness risks.
What Success Looks Like
When senior leaders move from oversight to ownership, you’ll see:
Active engagement in change portfolio decisions: Leaders are not just reviewing reports—they are making and owning the trade-offs.
Clear accountability for outcomes: Business leaders, not just project teams, are responsible for adoption and benefits.
Greater alignment between change activity and business strategy: Initiatives are sequenced and resourced to deliver on strategic priorities.
Visible leadership behaviours: Leaders are modelling the change, communicating openly, and supporting their teams through transition.
Ownership of change outcomes is the hallmark of mature change leadership. It’s where leaders move from monitoring activity to driving results—and where the real value of your change portfolio is realized.
Level 3: Best Practice—Tracking Benefits, Embedding Adoption, and Managing Change Risks
Having guided senior leaders from initial oversight (“air traffic control”) through outcome ownership, the final phase in building change literacy is embedding best practice. This is where change becomes a core capability—measured, managed, and continuously improved. Senior leaders who reach this stage are not just managing change; they are shaping a culture of agility, resilience, and sustained business value.
What Best Practice Looks Like
In this phase, senior leaders:
Track and realize the benefits of change initiatives.
Monitor and drive adoption, not just implementation.
Proactively manage growth, people, and operational risks.
Balance pace, capacity, and business priorities for ongoing agility.
Model and reinforce change leadership behaviours across the organization.
This is the point where change literacy becomes organizational muscle memory.
1. Tracking Benefits and Adoption
Why it matters: Delivering change is not success—realizing the intended benefits is. Too often, organizations declare victory at go-live, only to find that new systems, processes, or behaviours are not embedded.
How to build this capability:
Define clear success metrics: Establish measurable KPIs for each initiative, linked directly to business outcomes (e.g., increased revenue, reduced cycle time, improved customer satisfaction).
Adoption dashboards: Track usage, compliance, and behavioural indicators, not just technical completion. For example, monitor system logins, process adherence, or customer feedback.
Regular benefit realization reviews: Schedule post-implementation checkpoints (e.g., 30, 60, 90 days) to assess progress against targets and identify gaps.
Close the loop: Use data to drive action—adjust training, communications, or incentives if adoption lags.
Evaluation allows leaders to assess the change initiative’s success, identify improvement areas, and make necessary adjustments for long-term sustainability.
2. Managing Growth, People, and Operational Risks
Why it matters: As the portfolio of change grows, so do the risks—overload, fatigue, competing priorities, and operational disruption. Best practice is about anticipating and mitigating these risks, not reacting after the fact.
How to build this capability:
Risk heatmaps: Maintain a live view of risk hotspots across the change portfolio—where are people stretched, where is performance dipping, where are critical dependencies (including operational ones)?
Scenario planning: Regularly test the impact of new initiatives or shifts in strategy on existing capacity and priorities.
Feedback mechanisms: Create channels for employees and managers to surface risks early—through surveys, forums, or direct leader engagement.
Agility reviews: Encourage leaders to adjust plans, pause, or re-sequence changes based on real-time data and feedback.
3. Embedding Change Leadership Behaviours
Why it matters: The most successful change programs are led from the top. Senior leaders must consistently model the behaviours they expect—transparency, adaptability, resilience, and empowerment.
How to build this capability:
Visible sponsorship: Leaders must remain active and visible throughout the change lifecycle, not just at launch. Their ongoing engagement is the single strongest predictor of success.
Transparent communication: Leaders should share progress, setbacks, and lessons learned openly, reinforcing trust and credibility.
Openness to feedback: Encourage leaders to listen, adapt, and act on input from all levels of the organization.
Recognition and reinforcement: Celebrate teams and individuals who exemplify change leadership, embedding these behaviours in performance management and reward systems.
An effective leader drives momentum by visibly championing the change.
4. Building Organizational Agility
Why it matters: Change is not a one-off event but a continuous capability. Organizations that thrive are those that can adapt, learn, and pivot quickly.
How to build this capability:
Continuous learning: Use each change initiative as a learning opportunity—what worked, what didn’t, and why? Feed these insights into future planning.
Iterative planning: Move from annual change plans to rolling, flexible roadmaps that can adjust to new priorities or market shifts.
Empowerment at all levels: Equip managers and teams with the skills and authority to lead local change, not just execute centrally-driven initiatives.
Culture of experimentation: Encourage calculated risk-taking and innovation, rewarding learning as much as results.
Practical Tools and Techniques
Benefits realization frameworks: Standardize how benefits are defined, tracked, and reported across all initiatives.
Adoption and engagement dashboards: Integrate people metrics (engagement, sentiment, turnover) with project and business metrics.
Change risk registers: Live tools for tracking, escalating, and mitigating risks across the portfolio.
Leadership scorecards: Track and report on leaders’ visible sponsorship and change leadership behaviours.
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
Focusing only on delivery: Don’t stop at go-live—track benefits and adoption for the full lifecycle.
Ignoring feedback: Build mechanisms to listen and respond to concerns, not just broadcast messages.
Leadership drop-off: Ensure leaders remain engaged and visible, not just at the start but throughout.
Static planning: Avoid rigid annual plans—build in flexibility and regular reviews to respond to change.
High adoption rates: New ways of working are embraced and sustained, not just implemented.
Proactive risk management: Leaders anticipate and address risks before they become issues.
Organizational agility: The business adapts quickly to new challenges and opportunities.
Visible, credible leadership: Senior leaders are recognized as champions of change, inspiring confidence and commitment at every level.
“The ageless essence of leadership is to create an alignment of strengths in ways that make a system’s weaknesses irrelevant.” – Peter Drucker
Sustaining Change Literacy at the Top
Building change literacy in senior leaders is a journey—from initial oversight, through outcome ownership, to embedding best practice. It’s not about training for its own sake, but about equipping leaders with the insight, tools, and behaviours to lead change as a core business capability.
As a transformation/change practitioner, your role is to curate the right data, design the right conversations, and create the right conditions for leaders to learn by doing. When you succeed, change becomes not just something the organization does—but something it is striving to improve, every day.
In today’s dynamic business environment, managing multiple changes simultaneously is the norm, not the exception. As change transformation experts/leaders, we’re expected to provide clarity, reduce disruption, and drive successful adoption—often across a crowded portfolio of initiatives. In this high-stakes context, it’s tempting to lean on familiar tools and assumptions to simplify complexity. However, some of the most common beliefs about managing multiple changes are not just outdated—they can actively undermine your efforts.
Here we explore seven widespread assumptions that can lead change leaders astray. By challenging these myths, you can adopt more nuanced, effective approaches that truly support your people and your business.
Assumption 1: A Heatmap or Data Table is a Single View of Change
Heatmaps and data tables have become go-to tools for visualising change across an organisation. At a glance, they promise to show us where the “hotspots” are—those areas experiencing the most change. But is this single view really giving us the full picture?
Why This Assumption is Wrong
1. Not All Change is Disruptive—Some is Positive A heatmap typically highlights areas with high volumes of change, but it doesn’t distinguish between positive and negative impacts. For example, a new digital tool might be seen as a “hotspot” simply because it affects many employees, but if it makes their jobs easier and boosts productivity, the overall experience could be positive. Conversely, a smaller change that disrupts workflows or adds complexity may have a much larger negative impact on a specific group, even if it doesn’t light up the heatmap. Depth of understanding beyond the heatmap is key.
2. The Data May Not Show the Real ‘Heat’ The accuracy of a heatmap depends entirely on the data feeding it. If your ratings are based on high-level, generic ‘traffic-light’ impact assessments, you may miss the nuances of how change is actually experienced by employees. For instance, a heatmap might show a “red zone” in one department based on the number of initiatives, but if those initiatives are well-aligned and support the team’s goals, the actual disruption could be minimal.
3. The Illusion of Completeness A single view of change suggests that you’ve captured every initiative—strategic, operational, and BAU (Business As Usual)—in one neat package. In reality, most organisations struggle to maintain a comprehensive and up-to-date inventory of all changes. BAU initiatives, in particular, often slip under the radar, even though their cumulative impact can be significant. This is not to say that one always needs to aim for 100%. However, labelling this as ‘single view of change’ would then be an exaggeration.
The Takeaway
Heatmaps and data tables are useful starting points, but they’re not the whole story. They provide a high-level snapshot, not a diagnostic tool. Heatmaps should also not be the only visual you use. There are countless other ways to present similar data. To truly understand the impact of multiple changes, you need to go deeper—gathering qualitative insights, focusing on employee experience, and recognising that not all “hotspots” are created equal. Ultimately the data should tell you ‘why’ and ‘how’ to fix it.
Assumption 2: A Change Manager’s H/M/L Rating Equals Business Impact
It’s common practice to summarise the impact of change initiatives using simple High/Medium/Low (H/M/L) ratings. These ratings are easy to communicate and look great in dashboards. But do they really reflect the business impact?
Why This Assumption is Wrong
1. Oversimplification Masks Nuance H/M/L ratings often blend a variety of factors: the effort required from business leads, subject matter experts (SMEs), sponsors, project teams, and change champions. These ratings may not be based solely—or even primarily—on employee or customer impact. For example, a “High” impact rating might reflect the complexity of project delivery rather than the degree of disruption felt by frontline staff.
2. Limited Decision-Making Value A single, combined rating has limited utility for decision-making. If you need to focus specifically on employee impacts, customer experience, or partner relationships, a broad H/M/L assessment won’t help you target your interventions. It becomes a blunt instrument, unable to guide nuanced action.
3. Lack of Granularity for Business Units For business units, three categories (High, Medium, Low) are often too broad to provide meaningful insights. Important differences between types of change, levels of disruption, and readiness for adoption can be lost, resulting in a lack of actionable information.
The Takeaway
Don’t rely solely on H/M/L ratings to understand business impact. Instead, tailor your assessments to the audience and the decision at hand. Use more granular, context-specific measures that reflect the true nature of the change and its impact on different stakeholder groups, where it makes sense.
Assumption 3: Number of Go-Lives Shows Us the Volume of Change
It’s easy to fall into the trap of using Go-Live dates as a proxy for change volume. After all, Go-Live is a clear, measurable milestone, and counting them up seems like a straightforward way to gauge how much change is happening. But this approach is fundamentally flawed.
Why This Assumption is Wrong
1. Not All Go-Lives Are Created Equal Some Go-Lives are highly technical, involving backend system upgrades or infrastructure changes that have little to no visible impact on most employees. Others, even if small in scope, might significantly alter how people work day-to-day. Simply tallying Go-Lives ignores the nature, scale, and felt impact of each change.
2. The Employee Experience Is Not Tied to Go-Live Timing The work required to prepare for and adopt a change often happens well before or after the official Go-Live date. In some projects, readiness activities—training, communications, process redesign—may occur months or even a year ahead of Go-Live. Conversely, true adoption and behaviour change may lag long after the system or process is live. Focusing solely on Go-Live dates misses these critical phases of the change journey.
3. Volume Does Not Equal Impact A month with multiple Go-Lives might be relatively easy for employees if the changes are minor or well-supported. In contrast, a single, complex Go-Live could create a massive disruption. The volume of Go-Lives is a poor indicator of the real workload and adaptation required from your people.
The Takeaway
Don’t equate the number of Go-Lives with the volume or impact of change. Instead, map the full journey of each initiative—readiness, Go-Live, and post-implementation adoption. Focus on the employee experience throughout the lifecycle, not just at the technical milestone.
Assumption 4: We Only Need to Track Strategic Projects
Strategic projects are naturally top of mind for senior leaders and transformation teams. They’re high-profile, resource-intensive, and often linked to key business objectives. But is tracking only these initiatives enough?
Why This Assumption is Wrong
1. Strategic Does Not Always Mean Disruptive While strategic projects are important, they don’t always have the biggest impact on employees’ day-to-day work. Sometimes, operational or BAU (Business As Usual) initiatives—such as process tweaks, compliance updates, or system enhancements—can create more disruption for specific teams.
2. Blind Spots in Change Impact Focusing exclusively on strategic projects creates blind spots. Employees may be grappling with a host of smaller, less visible changes that collectively have a significant impact on morale, productivity, and engagement. If these changes aren’t tracked, leaders may be caught off guard by resistance or fatigue.
3. Data Collection Bias Strategic projects are usually easier to track because they have formal governance, reporting structures, and visibility. BAU initiatives, on the other hand, are often managed locally and may not be captured in central change registers. Ignoring them can lead to an incomplete and misleading picture of overall change impact.
The Takeaway
To truly understand and manage the cumulative impact of change, track both strategic and BAU initiatives. This broader view helps you identify where support is needed most and prevents change overload in pockets of the organisation that might otherwise go unnoticed.
Assumption 5: We Can Just Use One Adoption Survey for All Initiatives
Surveys are a popular tool for measuring change adoption. The idea of using a single, standardised survey across all initiatives is appealing—it saves time, simplifies reporting, and allows for easy comparison. But this approach rarely delivers meaningful insights.
Why This Assumption is Wrong
1. Every Initiative Is Unique Each change initiative has its own objectives, adoption targets, and success metrics. A generic survey cannot capture the specific behaviours, attitudes, or outcomes that matter for each project. If you try to make one survey fit all, you end up with questions so broad that the data becomes meaningless and unhelpful.
2. Timing Matters The right moment to measure adoption varies by initiative. Some changes require immediate feedback post-Go-Live, while others need follow-up months later to assess true behavioural change. Relying on a single survey at a fixed time can miss critical insights about the adoption curve.
3. Depth and Relevance Are Lost A one-size-fits-all survey lacks the depth needed to diagnose issues, reinforce learning, or support targeted interventions. It may also fail to engage employees, who can quickly spot when questions are irrelevant to their experience.
The Takeaway
Customise your adoption measurement for each initiative. Tailor questions to the specific outcomes you want to achieve, and time your surveys to capture meaningful feedback. Consider multiple touchpoints to track adoption over time and reinforce desired behaviours.
Assumption 6: ‘Change Impost’ Understanding Helps the Business
The term “change impost” has crept into the vocabulary of many organisations, often used to describe the perceived burden that change initiatives place on the business. On the surface, it might seem helpful to quantify this “impost” so that leaders can manage or minimise it. However, this framing is fraught with problems.
Why This Assumption is Wrong
1. Negative Framing Fuels Resistance Describing change as an “impost” positions it as something external, unwelcome, and separate from “real” business work. This language reinforces the idea that change is a distraction or a burden, rather than a necessary part of growth and improvement. Stakeholders who hear change discussed in these terms may lead to the reinforcement of negativity towards change versus incorporating change as part of normal business work.
2. It Artificially Separates ‘Change’ from ‘Business’ In reality, change is not an add-on—it is intrinsic to business evolution. By treating change as something apart from normal operations, organisations create a false dichotomy that hinders integration and adoption. This separation can also lead to confusion about responsibilities and priorities, making it harder for teams to see the value in new ways of working.
3. There Are Better Alternatives Instead of “change impost,” consider using terms like “implementation activities,” “engagement activities,” or “business transformation efforts.” These phrases acknowledge the work involved in change but frame it positively, as part of the ongoing journey of business improvement.
The Takeaway
Language matters. Choose terminology that normalises change as part of everyday business, not as an external burden. This shift in mindset can help foster a culture where change is embraced, not endured.
Assumption 7: We Just Need to Avoid High Change Volumes to Manage Capacity
It’s a common belief that the best way to manage organisational capacity is to avoid periods of high change volume—flattening the curve, so to speak. While this sounds logical, the reality is more nuanced.
Why This Assumption is Wrong
1. Sometimes High Volume Is Strategic Depending on your organisation’s transformation goals, there may be times when a surge in change activity is necessary. For example, reaching a critical mass of changes within a short period can create momentum, signal a new direction, or help the organisation pivot quickly. In these cases, temporarily increasing the volume of change is not only acceptable—it’s desirable to reach significant momentum and outcomes.
2. Not All Change Is Equal The type of change matters as much as the quantity. Some changes are minor and easily absorbed, while others are complex and disruptive. Simply counting the number of initiatives or activities does not account for their true impact on capacity.
3. Planned Peaks and ‘Breathers’ Are Essential Rather than striving for a perfectly flat change curve, it’s often more effective to plan for peaks and valleys. After a period of intense change, deliberately building in “breathers” allows the organisation to recover, consolidate gains, and prepare for the next wave. This approach helps maintain organisational energy and reduces the risk of burnout.
The Takeaway
Managing capacity is about more than just avoiding high volumes of change. It requires a strategic approach to pacing, sequencing, and supporting people through both busy and quieter periods.
Practical Recommendations for Change Leaders
Having debunked these common assumptions, what should change management and transformation leaders do instead? Here are some actionable strategies:
1. Use Multiple Lenses to Assess Change
Combine quantitative tools (like heatmaps and data tables) with qualitative insights from employee feedback, focus groups, and direct observation.
Distinguish between positive and negative impacts, and tailor your analysis to specific stakeholder groups.
2. Get Granular with Impact Assessments
Move beyond generic H/M/L ratings. Develop more nuanced scales or categories that reflect the true nature and distribution of impacts.
Segment your analysis by business unit, role, or customer group to uncover hidden hotspots.
3. Map the Full Change Journey
Track readiness activities, Go-Live events, and post-implementation adoption separately.
Recognise that the most significant work—both for employees and leaders—often happens outside the Go-Live window.
4. Track All Relevant Initiatives
Include both strategic and BAU changes in your change portfolio.
Regularly update your inventory to reflect new, ongoing, and completed initiatives.
5. Customise Adoption Measurement
Design adoption surveys and feedback mechanisms for each initiative, aligned to its specific objectives and timing.
Use multiple touchpoints to monitor progress and reinforce desired behaviours.
6. Use Positive, Inclusive Business Language
Frame change as part of business evolution and operations, not an “impost.”
Encourage leaders and teams to see change work as integral to ongoing success.
7. Plan for Peaks and Recovery
Strategically sequence changes to align with business priorities and capacity.
Build in recovery periods after major waves of change to maintain energy and engagement.
Managing multiple changes in a complex organisation is never easy—but it’s made harder by clinging to outdated assumptions. By challenging these myths and adopting a more nuanced, evidence-based approach, change management and transformation leaders can better support their people, deliver real value, and drive sustainable success.
Remember: Effective change management is not about ticking boxes or flattening curves. It’s about understanding the lived experience of change, making informed decisions, and leading with empathy and clarity in a world that never stands still.
At The Change Compass, we’ve incorporated various best practices into our tool to capture change data across the organisation. Chat to us to find out more.
Section 1: What Change Maturity Looks Like – And How Data Made It Real
Shifting from Capability Sessions to Data-Driven Change
For years, the default approach to improving organisational change maturity has been through capability sessions: workshops, training programs, and methodology deep dives. These sessions often focus on the mechanics of change management-how to assess impacts, create stakeholder maps, or run engagement activities. While valuable, they rarely move the needle on actual change maturity, because they don’t address the systemic challenge: embedding change into the rhythm of business.
This is not to say that capability sessions are inherently not valuable nor make an impact. The point is if this is the core approach to lift change maturity, you may want to re-think this approach.
In contrast, the financial services organisation we’re profiling achieved a step-change in maturity not by running more workshops, but by making change a measurable, managed discipline-driven by data. This is the essence of “what gets measured gets managed.” When change is tracked, analysed, and reported with the same rigour as financial or operational metrics, it becomes a core business focus and therefore evolving into a capability, not a project add-on.
The Hallmarks of Data-Driven Change Maturity
So, what does this maturity look like in practice?
Senior Leaders Are Personally Accountable Change metrics are embedded in the general management scorecard. Senior managers are not just sponsors; they are accountable for change outcomes, not just at a project level but within their business function. Their performance includes the outcome and the impact of change on business results. This accountability cascades throughout the organisation, with other managers following suit, creating a culture where change performance is a core management concern.
Demand for Change Expertise Is Pulled, Not Pushed Instead of the central change team “pushing” support onto the business, managers proactively seek out change expertise. They do this because the data shows them where key risks and concerns are, making change support a value-added service rather than a compliance exercise.
Operations Teams Have Line of Sight Operations teams can see all upcoming changes affecting their areas, thanks to integrated change visuals and dashboards. This transparency allows for coordinated engagement and implementation, ensuring that people capacity and readiness are managed proactively, not reactively.
Project Teams Adapt Based on People Data Project teams don’t just track milestones and budgets; they monitor leading indicators like readiness, sentiment, and adoption. Governance forums provide visibility and decision-making authority on key people risks across all change initiatives, enabling real-time adjustments to project approaches.
The Data Infrastructure That Enabled This Shift
To achieve this level of maturity, the organisation should utilise a centralised change data platform, integrating inputs from project management and operational dashboards. Data governance was established at the management level, with clear ownership and enterprise definitions. Automation and AI were used to collect, cleanse, and analyse data at scale, removing manual bottlenecks and enabling real-time insights.
Contrasting Traditional and Data-Driven Approaches
Aspect
Traditional Approach
Data-Driven Change Maturity
Senior Manager Involvement
Sponsorship, not accountability
Direct accountability, metrics-driven
Change Capability Uplift
Capability sessions, workshops
Focus on metrics improvement drove ongoing holistic capability improvement
Change Data Usage
Limited, ad hoc surveys or hearsay opinions
Integrated, real-time, enterprise-wide
Operations Visibility
Siloed, reactive
Proactive, coordinated, data-informed
Project Team Adaptation
Based on lagging indicators
Based on leading, predictive analytics
Value Realisation
Incremental, project-based
Enterprise-wide, transformative with alignment across different management levels
The Real Work Behind the Results
Some might argue that this level of data infrastructure and governance is too complex or resource-intensive. However, with modern automation and AI, much of the data collection, cleansing, and analysis can be streamlined. The initial investment is quickly offset by the value unlocked-both in risk mitigation and in the ability to deliver change at scale, with greater precision and impact.
This is what change maturity looks like when it’s powered by data. It’s not about more workshops; it’s about making change visible, accountable, and actionable at every level of the organisation. The next section will explore how this approach transforms decision-making-from focusing on cost and timelines to prioritising people and value.
Section 2: From Cost and Timelines to People and Value – How Data Transforms Change Implementation
The Persistent Focus on Cost and Timelines
For decades, change and transformation decisions in large organisations have been anchored in two primary considerations: cost and project timelines. Budgets are scrutinised, schedules are tracked, and success is often measured by whether a project was delivered on time and within budget. While these are important, they are insufficient for delivering sustainable, people-centric change. By focusing narrowly on these factors, organisations risk overlooking the most critical element: the people who must adopt and sustain the change.
Injecting the People Element-Through Data
A growing number of organisations are recognising that change cannot be managed by these numbers alone. The financial services organisation in this case study made a deliberate shift: they began injecting people data into every change decision. This meant that, alongside cost and timeline metrics, leaders and project teams had access to real-time insights on people impacts and capacity/readiness risks.
These people metrics were not afterthoughts-they were integrated into the same dashboards and governance forums as financial and operational data. This integration enabled a more holistic view of change, allowing leaders to make informed decisions that balanced the needs of the business with the realities of its workforce.
How People Data Drives Better Decisions
Proactive Risk Management By monitoring leading indicators such as readiness and sentiment, project teams could identify potential risks before they became issues. For example, a drop in readiness scores could trigger targeted engagement activities, preventing delays and increasing the likelihood of successful adoption.
Dynamic Resource Allocation Data on people capacity allowed operations teams to anticipate and manage the impact of multiple concurrent changes. This meant that resources could be allocated more effectively, reducing the risk of change fatigue and ensuring that teams were not overwhelmed.
Evidence-Based Adjustments Project approaches were no longer set in stone. Teams could tweak their strategies based on real-time feedback, ensuring that change initiatives remained aligned with the needs and capabilities of the workforce. Often this is done in advance of any governance decision making as teams could already see potential risks and opportunities through data.
Governance That Delivers Value Governance forums used people data to prioritise initiatives, allocate resources, and escalate risks. This meant that decisions were made with a clear understanding of both the financial and human implications of change.
The Role of AI and Automation
The integration of people data into change management was made possible by advances in AI and automation. These technologies enabled the organisation to collect, analyse, and visualise data at scale, removing the manual burden and providing actionable insights in real time. The value of AI and automation was not just in saving a few hours on impact assessments-it was in providing the analytical horsepower to identify patterns, predict risks, and optimise change delivery across the enterprise.
Moving Beyond Incremental Value
By embedding people data into the heart of change decision-making, the organisation was able to move beyond incremental improvements. Instead of talking about saving a few thousand dollars on a single project, they unlocked tens of millions in enterprise value by delivering change that was adopted, sustained, and embedded across the business.
The New Decision-Making Framework
Decision Factor
Traditional Approach
Data-Driven Approach
Cost
Primary focus
Balanced with people and value
Timelines
Primary focus
Balanced with people and value
People Readiness
Secondary, ad hoc
Primary, real-time, data-driven
Sentiment/Adoption
Rarely measured
Continuously monitored
Resource Allocation
Based on project needs
Based on overall people capacity and readiness, so balancing not just project resources but impacted business resources
Governance
Focused on milestones
Focused on both financial and people goals
The Result: Change That Delivers Value
The shift to data-driven, people-centric change management transformed the organisation’s ability to deliver value. Change was no longer a series of isolated projects, but a core business capability-managed, measured, and continuously improved. The next section will explore how this approach can be scaled and sustained, and what it means for the future of change and transformation in large organisations.
Section 3: Scaling and Sustaining Change Maturity – The Future of Transformation
The Myth of Overwhelm: Practical Steps to Sustainable Change Maturity
For many organisations, the prospect of building and maintaining a data-driven change maturity model can seem daunting. The common perception is that it requires an overwhelming investment in new tools, processes, and training-one that may not be justified by the returns. However, the experience of this financial services company demonstrates that, while focused effort is required, the process does not have to be overwhelming-especially with the right use of experimentation, ongoing tweaks, automation and AI.
Automation: The Great Enabler Much of the heavy lifting in data collection, cleansing, and reporting can now be automated. Change impact assessments, sentiment tracking, and readiness surveys can be scheduled, administered, and analysed with minimal manual intervention. This frees up change professionals to focus on interpretation, action, and continuous improvement rather than data wrangling.
AI: Unlocking Predictive Power AI tools can analyse patterns across multiple change initiatives, predict adoption risks, and recommend interventions before issues arise. This predictive capability allows organisations to be proactive rather than reactive, reducing the risk of failed change and increasing the speed of value realisation.
Scalable Governance By embedding change metrics into existing governance structures-such as business reviews, risk committees, and leadership forums-the organisation ensures that change maturity is not a one-off project but an ongoing discipline. This integration makes it easier to scale across divisions, regions, and business units.
Continuous Experimentation and Adaptation
A critical aspect of scaling and sustaining change maturity is the willingness to experiment, learn, and iterate. Early adoption of data-driven change management should be approached with a mindset of ongoing refinement. For example, executive alignment is often achieved not in a single meeting, but through a series of tailored discussions where dashboards and metrics are gradually refined to match leadership priorities and language. Testing different dashboard designs-such as visualisations, drill-down capabilities, or alert mechanisms-allows teams to identify what best supports decision-making at each level of the organisation.
Similarly, designing change decision-making forums as iterative, rather than static, processes ensures that the right data is surfaced at the right time, and that governance structures evolve as the organisation’s change maturity grows. By embracing a culture of experimentation and continuous improvement, organisations can ensure their change management practices remain relevant, effective, and aligned with both business and people objectives.
From Thousands to Millions: The Real Value of Data-Driven Change
The ultimate value of this approach is not measured in hours saved or individual project successes. It is measured in the ability to deliver change at scale, with precision, and with confidence that people will adopt and sustain the new ways of working. This is what ultimately drives benefit realisation. In this financial services organisation, the shift from ad hoc, project-based change to an enterprise-wide, data-driven discipline unlocked tens of millions in value-far beyond the incremental savings of traditional approaches.
Risk Mitigation By identifying and addressing people risks early, the organisation avoided costly delays, rework, and failed implementations.
Faster Value Realisation Real-time data enabled faster, more informed decision-making, accelerating the time to value for major initiatives.
Sustainable Adoption Continuous monitoring and adjustment ensured that changes were not just implemented, but embedded and sustained over time.
Are You Ready to 10-100X the Value of Change?
For experienced change and transformation practitioners, the question is no longer whether data-driven change maturity is possible-it is whether you are ready to embrace it. The tools, technologies, and methodologies are available. The competitive advantage lies in how you use them-making change visible, accountable, and actionable at every level of the organisation.
Lift the Game Move beyond incremental improvements and unlock the full potential of change as a lever for enterprise performance.
Lead the Shift Champion the integration of people data into every change decision, and demonstrate the value of a disciplined, data-driven approach.
Scale and Sustain Use automation and AI to make change maturity a scalable, sustainable capability-not just a project or initiative.
The Future Is Now
The future of change and transformation is here. It is data-driven, people-centric, and value-focused. It is about making change a core business discipline-managed, measured, and continuously improved. Are you ready to take the leap and 10-100X the value that change delivers in your organisation?
As digital acceleration and stakeholder scrutiny intensify, change leaders can no longer rely on gut feelings or generic feedback. The discipline is undergoing a seismic shift—from qualitative storytelling to quantifiable impact. Here’s why measurement is now the backbone of successful change, and how to avoid becoming another cautionary tale.
🔍 Why Measurement Is No Longer Optional
1. Executives Demand ROI—Not Just Happy Sheets
Gone are the days when a well-crafted communication plan sufficed. Today’s leaders expect change teams to demonstrate their impact with hard evidence. The Change Management Institute’s Competency Model sets a global benchmark for what effective change looks like, emphasising clusters of behaviours and skills that drive real results at every level—Foundation, Specialist, and Master. For example, the “Facilitating Change” competency requires practitioners to correctly assess readiness, build targeted plans, and conduct regular reviews—each step lending itself to clear, actionable measurement.
Action Step: Map your change KPIs directly to the behavioural competencies outlined by the Change Management Institute. If your goal is to build readiness, track metrics such as pre- and post-training confidence scores, participation rates in workshops, and the frequency of feedback loops. For communication effectiveness, measure open rates, click-throughs, and qualitative feedback from impacted teams.
2. The Agile Imperative: Iterate or Stagnate
Agile methodologies are reshaping change management. Teams using iterative feedback loops—such as regular check-ins and rapid data reviews—report faster adoption and more sustainable results. The Competency Model encourages change professionals to adapt approaches based on real-time data, ensuring that interventions remain relevant and effective.
3. AI and Analytics: From Guesswork to Precision
AI tools now predict resistance risks, automate sentiment analysis, and personalise communications. For instance, machine learning models can be used to flag teams likely to struggle with a new CRM system based on historical adoption patterns.
📊 Change Management’s Data Evolution vs. Other Disciplines
Week 4: Measure proficiency gains and correlate with productivity data.
Step 3: Visualise Progress Use tools like Miro, Power BI or Change Automator to create:
Adoption Roadmaps: Colour-coded timelines showing team readiness.
Sentiment Heatmaps: Identify departments needing extra support.
From Data to Action: The New Rules of Change Management You Can’t Afford to Ignore
Yesterday’s change playbooks are gathering dust. Today, the most effective change leaders are embracing cutting-edge tools and mindsets—think AI-driven insights, hyper-personalisation, and visual storytelling. These aren’t just buzzwords; they’re practical shifts you can harness right now to drive measurable, people-focused results.
1️. AI-Powered Insights: Predict, Don’t Just React
Why It Matters: AI is rapidly moving from the IT department into the heart of change management. Modern AI tools can analyse vast amounts of communication and performance data to identify patterns that signal potential resistance or readiness for change. By leveraging predictive analytics, change teams can proactively address issues—such as resistance hotspots or engagement gaps—before they escalate and derail a project.
Instead of waiting for problems to surface, AI-powered dashboards and sentiment analysis provide real-time feedback, allowing change practitioners to tailor communications, adjust training, and allocate resources where they’re needed most. This proactive approach not only streamlines decision-making but also accelerates adoption and supports more sustainable outcomes.
How to Apply Today:
Use AI-based sentiment analysis tools to monitor employee feedback and flag emerging concerns.
Segment audiences and personalise communications based on data-driven insights, ensuring the right message reaches the right people at the right time.
Automate routine change management tasks, freeing up your team to focus on strategic interventions and stakeholder engagement.
Real-World Example: A financial services organisation used Change Automator to map employee sentiment across a portfolio of digital projects. By visualising hotspots, they reallocated resources to struggling teams, lifting overall adoption.
2️. Employee-Centric Design: Make Change Personal
Why It Matters: Generic change comms are out. Employees expect tailored, relevant experiences—mirroring what they get as consumers.
How to Apply Today:
Map the Employee Journey: Use journey mapping tools to chart every touchpoint, from initial announcement to post-launch support.
Co-Create Solutions: Run design sprints with front-line staff change champions to surface real pain points and co-design fixes.
Micro-Target Messaging: Swap “all-staff” emails for role-specific updates—e.g., “Here’s how the new system changes your workflow, Sarah.”
Practical Tip: Start with a single pilot group. Test different message formats (video, infographic, FAQ) and measure which drives the most engagement. Scale up what works.
3️. Visual Storytelling: Make Data Unmissable
Why It Matters: Humans process visuals significantly faster than text. Yet, too many change reports are buried in spreadsheets. Visual dashboards, infographics, and storyboards make progress—and problems—impossible to ignore.
How to Apply Today:
Build a Change Portfolio Dashboard: Use tools such as Change Compass to show every initiative’s impact, readiness, adoption and risk on one screen.
Create “Before & After” Maps: Visually chart how roles, processes, or systems are changing—helping staff see what’s coming and why it matters.
Share Wins Visually: Celebrate milestones with progress bars, leaderboards, or “heat maps” of adoption.
4️. Change Portfolio Management: See the Forest, Not Just the Trees
Why It Matters: With overlapping projects, employees often face “initiative overload.” To read more about this check out The Change Compass blogs on Change Portfolio Management.
How to Apply Today:
Map All Changes: List every active and upcoming initiative in a single portfolio view.
Spot Clashes Early: Use visual tools to identify timing conflicts or resource bottlenecks.
Balance the Load: Adjust rollout schedules to avoid overwhelming any one team.
Action Step: Hold a monthly “change portfolio review” with business leaders. Use your dashboard to make data-driven decisions about sequencing and support.
One-off surveys and end-of-project reviews often miss the mark. Today’s leading organisations are moving towards ongoing, real-time feedback to spot issues early, adapt quickly, and keep change on track. Continuous feedback loops allow you to capture employee sentiment, adoption barriers, and training gaps as they arise—making your change program more responsive and resilient.
How to Apply Today:
Run regular pulse checks: Use short, targeted surveys after key milestones or training sessions to gauge understanding and readiness.
Empower rapid response: Assign change champions or team leads to monitor feedback and act on it quickly—whether that means clarifying communications, offering extra coaching, or removing roadblocks.
Close the loop: Always share back what you’ve learned and what actions you’re taking as a result. This builds trust and shows that feedback leads to real improvements.
Practical Tip: Set up a simple feedback calendar—weekly or fortnightly—so your team knows when to expect check-ins. Use tools like Microsoft Forms, The Change Compass, or even a quick stand-up meeting to keep the feedback flowing.
🏆 Quick Reference: Emerging Trends & How to Action Them
Build dashboards, use infographics, share visual wins
Portfolio Management
Map all changes, review monthly, balance the load
Continuous Feedback
Run pulse checks, act fast, close the loop
Stop Guessing, Start Measuring: Your 7-Step Blueprint for Change Management Success
You’ve seen why measurement is now mission-critical and how the smartest organisations are using data, AI, and design thinking to get ahead. But how do you actually put this into practice—without getting bogged down in theory or drowning in dashboards? Here’s a hands-on, step-by-step playbook you can use right now to make your change program measurable, actionable, and impossible to ignore.
1️. Get Crystal Clear on What Success Looks Like
Problem: Vague goals (“increase engagement”, “improve adoption”) lead to fuzzy results. If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.
Action:
Work with sponsors and business owners to define outcomes in hard numbers.
Instead of “increase system usage”, set: “90% of frontline staff log into the new CRM daily within 3 weeks.”
For behaviour change: “Reduce manual workarounds by 70% in 3 months.”
Align these metrics to broader business KPIs.
If your company’s focus is customer satisfaction, link your change metrics to NPS or customer complaint rates.
2️. Map Your Change Portfolio—See the Whole Picture
Problem: Change fatigue and initiative overload are real. Siloed projects compete for attention, causing confusion and burnout.
Action:
List every change initiative impacting your people in the next 6–12 months.
Use a simple spreadsheet or an automated tool like The Change Compass to visualise overlaps and pinch points.
Create a high level “heat map” of change impacts by team, location, or role.
Colour-code by intensity.
Share this map with leaders to adjust timing and resource allocation.
Example: A retail chain in NSW used a portfolio map to delay a payroll system upgrade, avoiding clashing with a major sales transformation—saving weeks of disruption.
3️. Baseline Before You Begin—Don’t Skip This Step
Problem: You can’t prove improvement if you don’t know where you started.
Action:
Run a short, targeted survey or use existing data to capture current state.
For a new process: measure error rates, time to complete, or customer complaints.
For behaviour change: use a quick pulse survey (“How confident are you using the current system?”)
Document baseline metrics and share with your team.
Visual: Bar chart showing “before” metrics—e.g., average call handling time pre-change.
4️. Build a Real-Time Measurement Plan—Not Just End-of-Project Reports
Problem: Annual surveys and after-action reviews are too slow for today’s pace.
Action:
Set up a dashboard (even a simple one in Excel or Power BI) tracking your key metrics.
Schedule weekly or fortnightly check-ins to review progress.
Automate data collection where possible (e.g., system usage logs, sentiment surveys).
Visual: Screenshot of a simple dashboard tracking adoption, sentiment, and productivity.
5️. Act Fast on What the Data Tells You
Problem: Collecting data is pointless if you don’t act on it.
Action:
Assign a “data owner” for each metric—someone responsible for monitoring and responding (your change champions may come in handy here)
If adoption lags, run targeted workshops or peer coaching.
If sentiment drops, hold listening sessions and tweak communications.
Always close the loop: tell people what you’re changing based on their feedback.
Pro Tip: Use the “You Said, We Did” format in your updates to build trust.
6️. Celebrate, Iterate, and Scale What Works
Problem: Wins often go unnoticed, and lessons aren’t shared.
Action:
Visually celebrate milestones—use leaderboards, digital badges, or progress bars.
Document what worked and what didn’t in short, shareable case studies.
Scale successful tactics to other teams or projects.
Visual: Photo of a “Change Champions” digital wall or leaderboard.
7️. Keep the Feedback Loop Alive—Continuous Improvement
Problem: Change is never truly “done”—but measurement often stops too soon.
Action:
Continue pulse checks for at least 3–6 months post-launch.
Use insights to inform future projects and refine your change playbook.
Share lessons learned across your change portfolio—don’t let knowledge get siloed.
📋 Quick Checklist: Your Measurement-Driven Change Program
☑️ Define clear, outcome-based metrics ☑️ Map your change portfolio and impacts ☑️ Baseline before starting ☑️ Set up real-time dashboards ☑️ Assign data owners and act quickly ☑️ Celebrate and scale what works ☑️ Keep measuring and improving
🏁 Ready to Lead the Data-Driven Change Revolution?
Don’t just talk about change—prove it, measure it, and make it stick. Start with one project, apply these steps, and watch your credibility (and results) rise. For more practical tools, checklists, and templates, visit The Change Compass Knowledge Hub and subscribe for monthly insights tailored to Australian change leaders.
What’s the first metric you’ll measure on your next change? Share your thoughts below or connect for a discussion on resolving your change measurement problems.
Managing multiple changes is not a new phenomenon for a lot of organisations. However, the value of managing change at a portfolio level is not clear for a lot of leaders. This is a review of academic research on the value of managing multiple change initiatives across an organisation (change portfolio management), with specific focus on the impact of change on people and tangible business benefits. Drawing from peer-reviewed academic sources, this report identifies quantifiable business benefits and performance outcomes associated with effective change portfolio management.
Academic research consistently demonstrates that organisations face significant challenges when implementing multiple change initiatives simultaneously. However, organisations that develop effective change portfolio management capabilities achieve substantially better outcomes, including:
1. Productivity Improvements: Firms with more complex organisational capabilities show “considerably increased firm performance in terms of labour productivity” (Costa et al., 2023).
2. Competitive Advantage: Organisations with better change management capabilities gain strategic advantages over competitors with lower change capacity (Heckmann et al., 2016).
3. Organisational Resilience: Organisations with higher change capacity demonstrate greater resilience during periods of disruption (Mladenova, 2022).
This report synthesizes academic research to provide evidence-based insights on the tangible business benefits of effective change portfolio management.
Background
Organisations today face unprecedented pressure to implement multiple simultaneous changes. Technological disruption, competitive pressures, and evolving customer expectations drive the need for continuous transformation. However, academic research reveals that implementing multiple change initiatives simultaneously creates significant challenges for both individuals and organisations.
Here lies the dilemma. Most organisations are implementing multiple change initiatives. However, nearly all methodologies and change management concepts are only focused on one singular initiative been executed at a time.
Here we examine peer-reviewed academic research on how change portfolio management affects organisational outcomes and quantifies the tangible business benefits of effective change management. It focuses specifically on the value of effectively managing multiple change initiatives across the organisation and identifies measurable business benefits supported by scholarly evidence.
Journals reviewed
This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed academic journals including:
– Journal of Business Research
– SAGE Journals
– Industrial and Corporate Change (Oxford Academic)
– Cogent Business & Management
– Administrative Sciences
– Organisational Dynamics
The research focuses on empirical studies that quantify the relationship between change management approaches and business outcomes. Particular attention was given to studies that provide statistical evidence of the impact of change portfolio management on organisational performance.
Change Capacity Limitations: Academic Evidence
The Challenge of Multiple Change Initiatives
Academic research consistently demonstrates that organisations struggle to implement multiple change initiatives simultaneously. Mladenova (2022) found that “multiple and overlapping change initiatives become the norm rather than an exception, thus exert additional pressure on organisations.” Her research identified that when organisations face “increasing levels of unpredictability and need to adapt to fast environmental shifts, linear causal models to plan and implement changes become harder to follow.” However, the bulk of popular change management concepts are linear in nature.
Organisational Capacity for Change
Heckmann et al. (2016) define Organisational Capacity for Change (OCC) as “the capacity of an organisation to institutionalize and manage change on an ongoing basis.” Their empirical research found that “an organisation’s capacity for change associates positively with the performance of its change projects.”
Importantly, the study found that “higher levels of technological turbulence weaken” the relationship between organisational capacity for change and project performance. This suggests that organisations face even greater challenges managing multiple changes during periods of technological disruption.
Adna and Sukoco (2020) studied 313 middle managers and their followers and found that “organisational capacity for change mediates the influence of managerial cognitive capabilities on organisational performance.” Their research demonstrated that organisations need coordinated portfolio approaches to effectively manage multiple changes. Having the right routines also support continuous and multiple changes.
Tangible Business Benefits: Academic Evidence
Success Rate
Academic research provides clear evidence that effective change portfolio management significantly improves success rates:
– Improved Project Performance: Heckmann et al. (2016) found that “an organisation’s capacity for change associates positively with the performance of its change projects” in their empirical study of 134 German firms.
Financial Performance Improvements
Academic research demonstrates measurable financial benefits from effective change portfolio management:
– Productivity Gains: Costa et al. (2023) empirically demonstrated that firms with more complex organisational capabilities showed “considerably increases firm performance in terms of labor productivity.” Their study of Italian firms identified that “Complex” organisations (those with highest organisational capabilities) demonstrated superior productivity metrics compared to firms with less developed capabilities.
– Cost Avoidance: Errida and Lotfi (2021) systematic review of literature identified that failed change initiatives result in both direct costs (resources invested) and indirect costs (lost productivity).
– Resource Utilization Efficiency: Rousseau and ten Have (2022) found that organisations using evidence-based change management practices showed improved change-related decision quality, leading to better use of resources during change implementation.
Competitive Advantage
Academic research identifies clear competitive advantages from effective change portfolio management:
– Strategic Adaptability: Heckmann et al. (2016) established that organisations with better change management capabilities gain strategic advantages over competitors with lower change capacity. Their research demonstrated that organisations with higher change capacity are better positioned to implement future strategic changes.
– Innovation Implementation: Costa et al. (2023) demonstrated that firms with more complex organisational capabilities showed greater ability to innovate and adapt to market changes. Their research found that “higher organisational complexity—captured by the range and variety of actions put in place by firms—is thus reflected in better performance.”
– Market Responsiveness: Mladenova (2022) found that organisations with higher change capacity can better handle “multiple and overlapping change initiatives” which have “become the norm rather than an exception.” The research identified that organisations with higher change capacity demonstrate superior market responsiveness.
Human Capital Benefits
Academic research shows significant human capital benefits from effective change portfolio management:
– Employee Engagement: Mladenova (2022) found that organisations implementing multiple simultaneous changes without adequate change capacity experience diminishing returns partly due to employee disengagement. Organisations with effective change portfolio management maintain higher levels of employee engagement during periods of change.
– Talent Retention: Heckmann et al. (2016) found that organisations with higher change capacity experience lower turnover during periods of change. Their research demonstrated that effective change portfolio management contributes to organisational stability and talent retention.
– Capability Development: Costa et al. (2023) found that organisations with more complex capabilities develop stronger human capital over time. Their research demonstrated that investment in organisational capabilities creates a foundation for future performance improvements.
Organisational Performance Taxonomy
Costa et al. (2023) identified four clusters of firms based on organisational capabilities, providing a framework for understanding the relationship between change capabilities and performance. The following descriptions are inferred from the study and not actual quoted descriptions.
1. Essential (basic capabilities): Organisations with minimal change management capabilities that struggle with implementing multiple changes.
2. Managerial (moderate capabilities): Organisations with some change management capabilities but limited coordination across initiatives.
3. Interdependent (advanced capabilities): Organisations with developed change management capabilities and coordination across initiatives.
4. Complex (highest capabilities): Organisations with capabilities that can effectively implement multiple and complex changes. These tend to have experienced a range of ‘technological-organisational’ changes.
Their research demonstrated that firms in the Complex and Interdependent clusters showed significantly higher performance metrics than those in the Essential and Managerial clusters. This provides a framework for measuring organisational capability development and its impact on performance.
Recommendations from Academic Research
Academic research suggests several evidence-based approaches to improve change portfolio management:
1. Invest in Change Capacity: Heckmann et al. (2016) recommend that “companies should invest in their capacities for change, particularly in the HRM area” to build change capacity. Their research demonstrated that investment in change capacity is a strategic business decision with measurable returns.
2. Develop Integrated Approaches: Errida and Lotfi (2021) found that “the use of a single model or few models is not sufficient to cover various change situations” and that “integrating existing models may lead to an integrated understanding of how to ensure successful organisational change.”
3. Build on Positive Experiences: Heckmann et al. (2016) found that “positive experiences in previous change projects increase OCC (Organisational Capacity for Change).” Their research demonstrated that successful change experiences create a virtuous cycle that builds change capacity over time.
4. Use Evidence-Based Practices: Rousseau and ten Have (2022) found that “planned change is more likely to succeed when using science-informed practices” and that “regular use of four sources of evidence (scientific, organisational, stakeholder, and practitioner experience) improve the quality of change-related decisions.”
Academic Evidence for Change Portfolio Management
The academic research reviewed in this report provides clear evidence that managing multiple change initiatives as a portfolio delivers significant business benefits compared to uncoordinated change approaches.
Organisations that effectively manage their change portfolio can expect:
3. Human Capital Benefits: Improved employee engagement, talent retention, and capability development.
4. Long-term Performance: Greater organisational resilience and sustainable growth.
Whilst there is not a lot of research currently in the newly emerging field of change portfolio management, overall academic evidence strongly supports the value of change portfolio management practices as a strategic approach to organisational transformation.
References
Adna, B. E., & Sukoco, B. M. (2020). Managerial cognitive capabilities, organisational capacity for change, and performance: The moderating effect of social capital. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1843310
Costa, S., De Santis, S., Dosi, G., Monducci, R., Sbardella, A., & Virgillito, M. E. (2023). From organisational capabilities to corporate performances: at the roots of productivity slowdown. Industrial and Corporate Change, 32(6), 1217-1244. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtad030
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organisational change management success: Literature review and case study. SAGE Journals. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Heckmann, N., Steger, T., & Dowling, M. (2016). Organisational capacity for change, change experience, and change project performance. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.07.012
Mladenova, I. (2022). Relation between Organisational Capacity for Change and Readiness for Change. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040135
Rousseau, D. M., & ten Have, S. (2022). Evidence-based change management. Organisational Dynamics, 51(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2022.100899
